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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Embedded operating system</span></span>

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<p>An <b>embedded operating system</b> (<b>EOS</b>) is an <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> designed specifically for <a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded computer systems</a>. These systems aim to enhance functionality and reliability to perform dedicated tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">multitasking</a> method employed allows for timely task execution, such an OS may qualify as a <a href="Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">real-time operating system</a> (RTOS).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>Embedded operating systems are integral to <a href="Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> such as <a href="Camera" title="Camera">cameras</a> and <a href="Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a>. Additionally, they power <a href="Automotive_electronics" title="Automotive electronics">automotive electronics</a>, aiding in functions like <a href="Cruise_control" title="Cruise control">cruise control</a> and <a href="Navigation" title="Navigation">navigation</a>. Moreover, they are essential for <a href="Factory_automation_infrastructure" title="Factory automation infrastructure">factory automation infrastructure</a>. Everyday applications of EOS include <a href="Office_automation" title="Office automation">office automation</a> devices such as <a href="Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">image scanners</a>, <a href="Photocopier" title="Photocopier">photocopiers</a>, and <a href="Wireless_access_point" title="Wireless access point">wireless access points</a>. <a href="Home_automation" title="Home automation">Home automation</a> systems, including <a href="Security_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Security system">security systems</a>, also depend on EOS.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2></div>

<p>Embedded systems comprise a <a href="Processor_(computing)" title="Processor (computing)">processor</a> and corresponding <a href="Software" title="Software">software</a>. <a href="Embedded_software" title="Embedded software">Embedded software</a> requires storage for <a href="Executable" title="Executable">executables</a> and temporary data processing during <a href="Runtime_(program_lifecycle_phase)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runtime (program lifecycle phase)">runtime</a>. Embedded systems typically utilize <a href="ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM">ROM</a> and <a href="RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a> as <a href="Main_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Main memory">main memory</a> components. For functionality, embedded systems necessitate input and output interfaces. <a href="Embedded_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded hardware">Embedded hardware</a> configurations are often unique, varying according to the application.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given the resource limitations of embedded system hardware, operating systems are designed with a narrow scope, tailored to specific applications to ensure optimal operation within hardware constraints. The choice of embedded operating system, which organizes and controls the hardware, often dictates the additional required embedded hardware components.

</p><p>Software developers might write essential code in <a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a> to harness the full processing power of the <a href="Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing unit</a> (CPU). Assembly language, being <i>machine-efficient,</i> can enhance speed in <a href="Deterministic_system" title="Deterministic system">deterministic systems</a> but may reduce <a href="Portability_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portability (computer science)">portability</a> and <a href="Maintainability" title="Maintainability">maintainability</a>. Frequently, embedded operating systems are coded in portable programming languages like <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_embedded_operating_systems">Early embedded operating systems</h3></div>

<p>The concept of a real-time multitasking kernel emerged in the late 1970s. During the 1980s, as embedded systems applications grew in complexity, operating systems with real-time multitasking kernels struggled to meet the evolving demands of embedded development. This led to the evolution of the real-time multitasking kernel into a comprehensive operating system (<a href="RTOS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTOS">RTOS</a>), encompassing networking, file management, development, and <a href="Debugging" title="Debugging">debugging</a> capabilities.

</p><p>Today, RTOS constitues a global industry. In 1981, Ready System developed VRTX32, the world’s first commercial embedded real-time kernel. In 1993, following a merger, Ready System and Silicon Valley’s Microtec Research developed two new RTOS kernels, VRTX32 and VRTXsa, building upon <a href="VRTXmc" class="mw-redirect" title="VRTXmc">VRTXmc</a>. Concurrently, the VRTX integrated development environment, Spectra, was introduced.

</p><p>In 1996, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> released its embedded operating system, <a href="WinCE" class="mw-redirect" title="WinCE">WinCE</a>, which supported various processor architectures including <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a>, <a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a>, <a href="SuperH" title="SuperH">SH4</a>, and <a href="MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a>. WinCE has since become obsolete, with mainstream support having ended in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="OS-9" title="OS-9">OS-9</a> and <a href="VxWorks" title="VxWorks">VxWorks</a> are also notable embedded operating systems.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_embedded_operating_systems">Modern embedded operating systems</h3></div>

<p>In the current landscape of the <a href="Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">internet of things</a> (IoT), embedded devices are ubiquitous, with cars alone utilizing hundreds of sensors. IoT systems, in contrast to traditional embedded systems, necessitate lower power consumption, enhanced safety and reliability, and the capability for <a href="Ad_hoc_network" title="Ad hoc network">ad hoc networking</a> . The communication layer must facilitate the conversion between diverse protocols, while the application layer should enable <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> capabilities over the <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_embedded_operating_systems">Contemporary embedded operating systems</h2></div>

<p>As a result, several new embedded operating systems have gained popularity, such as <a href="Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">embedded Linux</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> variants (<a href="OpenWrt" title="OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a>, <a href="Zeroshell" title="Zeroshell">Zeroshell</a>, <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="LineageOS" title="LineageOS">LineageOS</a>, <a href="LEDE" class="mw-redirect" title="LEDE">LEDE</a>, <a href="LibreCMC" title="LibreCMC">LibreCMC</a>), <a href="OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>, <a href="OpenHarmony#Oniro_OS" title="OpenHarmony">Oniro OS</a>, <a href="HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a>, <a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="PX5_RTOS" title="PX5 RTOS">PX5 RTOS</a>, <a href="ThreadX" title="ThreadX">ThreadX</a>, <a href="FreeRTOS" title="FreeRTOS">FreeRTOS</a>, <a href="Segger_Microcontroller_Systems" title="Segger Microcontroller Systems">SEGGER embOS</a>, <a href="Tock_(operating_system)" title="Tock (operating system)">Tock</a> among others.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linux-based_projects">Linux-based projects</h2></div>

<p>Numerous <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>-based projects, toolkits, and frameworks have been developed for creating operating systems that operate on a variety of embedded systems. Prominent examples of these include <a href="OpenEmbedded" title="OpenEmbedded">OpenEmbedded</a>, <a href="BusyBox" title="BusyBox">BusyBox</a>, <a href="UClibc" title="UClibc">uClibc</a>, <a href="Musl" title="Musl">musl libc</a>, and <a href="Buildroot" title="Buildroot">Buildroot</a>.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Linux on embedded systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Embeddable_Linux_Kernel_Subset" title="Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset">Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset</a>, a <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> operating system that fits on a <a href="Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_operating_systems#Embedded" title="List of operating systems">List of embedded operating systems</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenWrt" title="OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a></li>

<li><a href="Principle_of_least_privilege" title="Principle of least privilege">Principle of least privilege</a> (computer security)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJabeenKhanHayatKhan2016" class="citation arxiv cs1">Jabeen, Qamar; Khan, Fazlullah; Hayat, Muhammad Nouman; Khan, Haroon; Jan, Syed Roohullah; Ullah, Farman (2016-05-11). "A Survey: Embedded Systems Supporting By Different Operating Systems". <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.07899">1610.07899</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/cs.OH">cs.OH</a>].</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Embedded_systems344" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Board_support_package" title="Board support package">Board support package</a></li>

<li><a href="Bootloader" title="Bootloader">Bootloader</a></li>

<li><a href="Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross_compiler" title="Cross compiler">Cross compiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_database" title="Embedded database">Embedded database</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_hypervisor" title="Embedded hypervisor">Embedded hypervisor</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_software" title="Embedded software">Embedded software</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_footprint" title="Memory footprint">Memory footprint</a></li>

<li><a href="Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-board_computer" title="Single-board computer">Single-board computer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Firmware" title="Firmware">Firmware</a> and controls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Firmware" title="Firmware">Firmware</a>

<ul><li><a href="Custom_firmware" title="Custom firmware">Custom firmware</a></li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Closed_platform" title="Closed platform">Closed platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Crippleware" title="Crippleware">Crippleware</a></li>

<li><a href="Defective_by_Design" title="Defective by Design">Defective by Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Hacking_of_consumer_electronics" title="Hacking of consumer electronics">Hacking of consumer electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Homebrew_(video_games)" title="Homebrew (video games)">Homebrew (video games)</a></li>

<li><a href="IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li>

<li><a href="PlayStation_3_Jailbreak" title="PlayStation 3 Jailbreak">PlayStation 3 Jailbreak</a></li>

<li><a href="Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">Rooting (Android)</a></li>

<li><a href="Vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">Vendor lock-in</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Booting" title="Booting">Boot loaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Barebox" title="Barebox">Barebox</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Software libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="UClibc" title="UClibc">uClibc</a></li>

<li><a href="Dietlibc" title="Dietlibc">dietlibc</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_GLIBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded GLIBC">Embedded GLIBC</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_tool" title="Programming tool">Programming tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Almquist_shell" title="Almquist shell">Almquist shell</a></li>

<li><a href="BitBake" title="BitBake">BitBake</a></li>

<li><a href="Buildroot" title="Buildroot">Buildroot</a></li>

<li><a href="BusyBox" title="BusyBox">BusyBox</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenEmbedded" title="OpenEmbedded">OpenEmbedded</a></li>

<li><a href="Stand-alone_shell" title="Stand-alone shell">Stand-alone shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Toybox" title="Toybox">Toybox</a></li>

<li><a href="Yocto_Project" title="Yocto Project">Yocto Project</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Linux on embedded systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_for_mobile_devices" title="Linux for mobile devices">Linux for mobile devices</a></li>

<li><a href="Light-weight_Linux_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-weight Linux distribution">Light-weight Linux distribution</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_IoT" title="Windows IoT">Windows IoT</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly language</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_C" title="Embedded C">Embedded C</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_C%2B%2B" title="Embedded C++">Embedded C++</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_Java" title="Embedded Java">Embedded Java</a></li>

<li><a href="MISRA_C" title="MISRA C">MISRA C</a></li>

<li><a href="MicroPython" title="MicroPython">MicroPython</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_lightweight_web_browsers" title="Comparison of lightweight web browsers">Lightweight browsers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="List of open-source hardware">List of open-source hardware</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_robotics" title="Open-source robotics">Open-source robotics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operating_systems310" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Operating_systems310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of operating systems">Comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="Forensic_software_engineering" title="Forensic software engineering">Forensic engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_operating_systems" title="History of operating systems">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_operating_systems" title="Timeline of operating systems">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Usage_share_of_operating_systems" title="Usage share of operating systems">Usage share</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_user_features_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of user features of operating systems">User features comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_operating_system" title="Distributed operating system">Distributed operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Hobbyist_operating_system" title="Hobbyist operating system">Hobbyist operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Just_enough_operating_system" title="Just enough operating system">Just enough operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">Network operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_operating_system" title="Object-oriented operating system">Object-oriented operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Supercomputer_operating_system" title="Supercomputer operating system">Supercomputer operating system</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">Architectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Exokernel" title="Exokernel">Exokernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_kernel" title="Hybrid kernel">Hybrid</a></li>

<li><a href="Microkernel" title="Microkernel">Microkernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a></li>

<li><a href="Multikernel" title="Multikernel">Multikernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Unikernel" title="Unikernel">Unikernel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device driver</a></li>

<li><a href="Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">Loadable kernel module</a></li>

<li><a href="User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">User space and kernel space</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Process_management_(computing)" title="Process management (computing)">Process management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">Computer multitasking</a> (<a href="Cooperative_multitasking" title="Cooperative multitasking">Cooperative</a>, <a href="Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">Preemptive</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Context_switch" title="Context switch">Context switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Interrupt" title="Interrupt">Interrupt</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_control_block" title="Process control block">Process control block</a></li>

<li><a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">Time-sharing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="Scheduling_(computing)" title="Scheduling (computing)">Scheduling<br>algorithms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fixed-priority_pre-emptive_scheduling" title="Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling">Fixed-priority preemptive</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilevel_feedback_queue" title="Multilevel feedback queue">Multilevel feedback queue</a></li>

<li><a href="Round-robin_scheduling" title="Round-robin scheduling">Round-robin</a></li>

<li><a href="Shortest_job_next" title="Shortest job next">Shortest job next</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Memory_management_(operating_systems)" title="Memory management (operating systems)">Memory management</a>,<br><a href="System_resource" title="System resource">resource</a> protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_error" title="Bus error">Bus error</a></li>

<li><a href="General_protection_fault" title="General protection fault">General protection fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_paging" title="Memory paging">Memory paging</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">Memory protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Protection_ring" title="Protection ring">Protection ring</a></li>

<li><a href="Segmentation_fault" title="Segmentation fault">Segmentation fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">Storage</a> access,<br><a href="File_system" title="File system">file systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Booting#BOOT-LOADER" title="Booting">Boot loader</a></li>

<li><a href="Defragmentation" title="Defragmentation">Defragmentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_file" title="Device file">Device file</a></li>

<li><a href="File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a></li>

<li><a href="Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li>

<li><a href="Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journal</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_partitioning" title="Disk partitioning">Partition</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_tape_library" title="Virtual tape library">Virtual tape library</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">Shell</a>

<li><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Embedded_operating_system&oldid=1298682573">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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